The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Labour Process Theory Free Essay Example, 3500 words

The paper tells that Labour Process Theory (LBT) has undoubtedly been a revolutionary approach in shaping the contemporary structure of organizational labor management techniques. However, this theory, being developed in the 1970s, possesses many loopholes along with a few noteworthy strengths, which become apparent when applied in the 21st-century context. One of the major weaknesses of LPT is that it is based on the capitalist notion, wherein labors were not given much priority on the basis of their interests, as the capitalists mainly remained focused on the organizational performances and its profitability. Laborers in the early 19th century were subjected to the immense pressure of workload wherein the capitalists were inclined towards obtaining more profit from the laborers. Managers that were using LPT exercised their authority on the workers for inducing production growth wherein their well-being and self-interests were not given much consideration, which is often criticised to ignite political unrests in the labor market owing to the harm caused to the laborers interests. This can certainly be asserted as a major weakness of LPT, owing to the fact that the theory lacked drawing sufficient attention from the management to sustainability issues, fulfilling the interests of the workers. We will write a custom essay sample on The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Labour Process Theory or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Religion Family And Religion Essay - 1813 Words

Family and Religion Family and religion are tremendously changing from a point in time where family and religion controlled society to more so society controlling family and religion. Both factors guide our social lives by setting standards of morality, keeping up with traditions, cultural values and bringing people together. Sigmund Freud is famous for his psychoanalytic train of thought, but he also took avid interest in religion. Freud believed that religion was an expression of underlying psychological neuroses and distress. According to various points in his writing, Freud suggested that religion was an attempt to control the Oedipal complex Freud’s way of describing a boy s feeling of desire for his mother and jealousy and anger toward his father, and to give structure to social groups in attempt to control the outside world. He believed that religion was just an illusion a form of mental illness that gets its strength from the fact that it falls in with our personal and instinctual desires. Some social thinkers of the late 19th and early 20th century all thought that religion would either disappear or become progressively attenuated with the expansion of modern institutions. Religion has been with us before time, most religions not only teach us about spiritual things but also about a person s life decisions through encouraging ethical decisions and actions according to the moral principles of that religion. According to Christianity a monotheisticShow MoreRelatedMarriage, Family, And Religion1687 Words   |  7 Pages Marriage, Family, and Religion Omar De La Garza Texas AM International University Abstract The institutions of marriage and family are fundamental concepts to the functioning of our present day society. In this paper, marriage and family and their changes over time will be discussed. Topics such as religion, which plays an important role is the development and changes of ideas regarding these two topics will be approached as well as the social changes due to tradition and theRead MoreRacism, Religion, and Family1549 Words   |  6 PagesRacism, Religion, and Family People have surprising varying concepts of racism, religion and family. Upon asking five of my Facebook friends their definitions of the three concepts, it is clear that people do not share the exact same definition for both. Essentially, the idea of religion was the one which differed the most. Each individual had a different definition for the concept. One person believed religion was spirituality, while another saw it as an outdated dogmatic tradition that has hadRead MoreReligion Is A Big Part Of My Family999 Words   |  4 PagesReligion has always been a big part of my family. I was raised in a pretty strict catholic home. Going to church every Sunday, needing to learn all the prayers, doing my first communion, and then doing my confirmation. As I started to get older I started having more of an open mind towards things, especially religion. All you have to do is look on the news and you can see all the evil in the world. Terrorist attacks, kids getting shot down by cops, and school shootings. How can someone be so evilRead MoreFamily and Religion : Influence on People Essay1602 Words   |  7 PagesFamily and Religion: Influence on People If you asked people to describe their families, some would describe single-household families, some would describe stepfamilies, some would describe gay or lesbian or adoptive families and many would describe divorced families. The word family has become a diverse institution it is very difficult to give it a meaning. In a wide sense especially in the biological sciences the term family refers to a group of individual beings linked by blood relations,Read MoreThe Degradation Of Religion And Family From Slavery991 Words   |  4 PagesThe Degradation of Religion and Family from Slavery In the book, Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass outlines the disturbing effects that slavery induced on society. Slaves were dehumanized, ripped from their homes and sentenced to a life of harsh work, and harsher treatment. Slaves were held at their slaveholder’s mercy, beaten, whipped, and killed for being disobedient or performing in an unsatisfactory manner. The treatment of Douglass and fellow slaves shows what the grimRead MoreBeing Born Into Religion, Family, And Friends2047 Words   |  9 PagesImagine a boy being born into a heavily religious family, growing up in an environment where his religion, family, and friends look down on homosexuals. The boy goes to school, only to find one of his fellow classmates being picked on simply because the way he dressed was â€Å"gay†, or that the way he acted was â€Å"gay.† The boy joins the crowd too, as he also thinks that his overall appearance simply made him â€Å"gay†. This young b oy swore to himself that he would never be attracted to other boys, and thatRead MoreEssay on Impacts Of Family Traditions And Religion In India668 Words   |  3 Pages Impacts of Family Traditions and Religion in India Family traditions and religion greatly impact the lives of many people in India. These elements of culture are reasons that form the way that Indians lead their lives. Both factors make up what type of person that individual will become. That is the reason why religion and family traditions are so valued in Indian society. Religion is probably the most definitive factor in the way that an Indian will lead his life, particularly if they practiceRead MoreMy Mother s Side Of The Family And Religion Essay1801 Words   |  8 Pagesconstantly stressed the importance of family and religion. On my mother s side of the family they are eleven in total and on my father s side they are ten, and most of them were often around to help raise my three other brothers and I. Both of my parents are very religious my brothers and I were raised and still are Catholic we were all baptized at a young age. Religion was something that we could not escape even at school we had classes that revolved around religion we would read scriptures and oftenRead MoreThe Role Of Family, Religion, And Family Shape The Experiences Of Young Black Men892 Words   |  4 PagesBalaji, A. B., Oster, A. M., Viall, A. H., Heffelfinger, J. D., Mena, L. A., Toledo, C. A. (2012). Role flexing: How community, religion, and family shape the experiences of young black men who have sex with men. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 26(12), 73-737. This journal article explores the role that family, religion and the African American community plays on the experiences of young black men who have sex with other men through in-depth interviews. Interviews were conducted from sixteen participantsRead MoreMy Great Grandmother : My Family, Religion, And Work1310 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to my great grandmother Betty Winters who is a very special asset to the Murphy family, the nationalities my ancestors identifies with is Black and Indian. My great great grandmother was Black and my grandfather identified as Indian. My ancestors were originally from South Carolina and North Carolina and they migrated to Washington DC for better opportunities. My great grandmother expressed that she cleaned the white house for many of years and her mother was a cab driver in Washington

Mayan Art Essay Example For Students

Mayan Art Essay While Europe was still in the midst of the dark ages, these amazing people had mapped the heavens, evolved the only true writing system native to the Americas and were masters of mathematics. They invented the calendars we use today. Across a huge jungle landscape with an amazing degree of architectural perfection and variety. Their legacy in stone, which has survived in a spectacular fashion at places such as Palenque, Tikal, Tulum, Chichen Itza, Copan and Uxmal, lives on as do the seven million descendants of classic Maya civilization. Chichen Itza is one of the greatest ruins of the Maya . I have been to Chichen Itza last year ad I have seen so much great things over there. At the hub of Toltac, Chichen stands its most important structure. The massive Kukulch pyramid called El Castillo the castle is roughly at the center of the site. Climbing it is quite a challenge and those who make it are rewarded. Whit a spectacular view of the city and surrounding country side A trip inside the pyramid is quite the opposite. The dark, unbearably humid corridors and chambers are too much for some people. We will write a custom essay on Mayan Art specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Chichen Itza is a magical place. I had the opportunity wander around the site for two hours. Watching the massive pyramid take shape through the lifting fog is an experience I will not soon forget. Every year over 40,000 people make the trek to the great pyramid to watch in awe as the snake diamond backed body slowly appears. Great for -side temple- pyramid which was dedicated to the cult of Kukulcan. Inside the Castillo has been discovered on earlier Toltec-Maya pyramids, with beautifully preserved details. Also if you stand facing the foot of the temple and shout the echo comes back as a piercing shriek. And a person standing on the top step can speak in a normal voice and be heard by those at the ground level for some distance. This quality is also shared by another Mayan pyramid at Tika. View from the top of the Castillo, looking towards the temple of the Worriers. The temple of the Worriers and its adjacent Temple of the Jaguar are the most awe inspiring ruins on the complex. A massive temple structure , surrounded by hundreds of columns is carved with relief. A splendid building resting upon a stepped platform surrounded by colonnaded halls. It is a good example of Maya architectects and craftsmen. The building is approached on the northwest through impressive file of square columns, which are decorated on all four with relief. The columns continue on into the jungle, that part of the jungle, that part of the temple still has not been restored. Its an unsetting sight to see how easily the forest has reclaimed the area. Next, the strangest site of all, east of the major Chichen Itza ruins is a dark underground world the Mayans called Cenote. They are deep water filled sinkholes formed by water percolating through the soft limestone above. Since the porous soil held little water, these underground bodies were extremely important to the city. Entry is through a vertical hole with narrow stairs steps carved by The Mayans themselves. The air is thick and musty. One misstep on the slimy ledges theatens to send you failing over 20 feet. Stalagtites of blood red limestone seem to ooze from the dripping walls. Ahead is a strange green pool of glowing water. As you approach the pool roots of trees hanging before you. In their search for water they have penetrated the ceiling, dropping 50 feet to the pool below. Its like an eerie underground forest. After crawled under some especially low hanging stalactites a beautiful blue green pool of unknown depth stretches out before you. A massive stalagmite hangs down, just inches from touching the surface, and above a piercing beam of light streams in from the ceiling, illuminating the pool and entire chamber. Once a year, in April, the beam of light touches the tip of the stalagmite. .ufed804c77f66c44b9252edb792c5ac19 , .ufed804c77f66c44b9252edb792c5ac19 .postImageUrl , .ufed804c77f66c44b9252edb792c5ac19 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufed804c77f66c44b9252edb792c5ac19 , .ufed804c77f66c44b9252edb792c5ac19:hover , .ufed804c77f66c44b9252edb792c5ac19:visited , .ufed804c77f66c44b9252edb792c5ac19:active { border:0!important; } .ufed804c77f66c44b9252edb792c5ac19 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufed804c77f66c44b9252edb792c5ac19 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufed804c77f66c44b9252edb792c5ac19:active , .ufed804c77f66c44b9252edb792c5ac19:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufed804c77f66c44b9252edb792c5ac19 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufed804c77f66c44b9252edb792c5ac19 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufed804c77f66c44b9252edb792c5ac19 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufed804c77f66c44b9252edb792c5ac19 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufed804c77f66c44b9252edb792c5ac19:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufed804c77f66c44b9252edb792c5ac19 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufed804c77f66c44b9252edb792c5ac19 .ufed804c77f66c44b9252edb792c5ac19-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufed804c77f66c44b9252edb792c5ac19:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Protestant Reformation and its impact on Art EssayThere are many instances of ancient people building moment to take advantage of events like these but this is something that is totally natural and unplanned. There is a darker side to this and other Cenote, however. In the wells around Chichen Itza have been found scores of skeletons. Mayan petroglyphs depict human sacrifices at these sites. What lies under this Cenote is not Known, no one has ever been able to reach its depth. Finally, one of the most pure Mexican culture was found in the Ballcourt Temple. Two parallel walls 27ft high, and an overall length of about 490ft. This is the largest court in Mesoamerica. The rings set high on either wall were used in scoring the game. At either end of the I-shaped playing field, is a small temple, the one on the north containing extensive bas-relief of Toltec life. Above the east wall of the court is placed the important temple of Jaguars. It is not hard to imagine a Mayan King siting here presiding over the games. And it is said that the winning captain would present his head to the losing cpitan, who then decapitates him. While this may seem a strange reward, the Mayans believed this to be the ultimate honor. The winning captain getting a direct ticket to heaven instead of going through the 13 steps that the Mayans believed they had to go through in order to reach heaven.. In conclusion, Chichen iItza is just one of so many good examples of the high techniques and mathematical skills that they developed and used. They were great in building on the inherited inventions and ideas of earlier civilization. They developed some other amazing things like, astronomy, calendrical system and hieroglyphic writing. The Maya were noted as well for elaborate and highly decorated ceremonial architecture.

Tears of a Tiger free essay sample

A drunken mouth speaks a sober mind. Give an anecdote (a short, three-to-five sentence story that teaches a lesson) * Example: Little Ashley Walker was always apprehensive about walking into her house, where she resided with her alcoholic mother. Her mother would always beat her, swear at her or totally neglect her. One day, Ashley’s fear was more real than ever because her mother beat her to death. * Give a shocking fact or statistic that relates to your topic. * Examples: 75% of children whose parents are alcoholics †¦ * Introduce your topic by giving some background information (definition, other facts/statistics, historical information, etc. that will not necessarily reappear in the body paragraphs. * Thesis statement (1 sentence) – State the topic of your essay. * Example: Alcoholism affects the lives of many people as well as the lives of people around them. * Body (at least 3 paragraphs) – The format for your body paragraphs will vary depending upon if you choose a substance of abuse, a disease or a current issue. We will write a custom essay sample on Tears of a Tiger or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page * If you choose alcohol, a drug or a disease/illness, you may want to discuss (one paragraph for each that you choose to discuss): * * whom it affects * the causes * the symptoms of disease or addiction the withdrawal symptoms * the short-term effects * the long-term effects * available treatment * interventions. If you choose an issue, you may want to discuss (one paragraph for each that you choose to discuss): * what it is and when it surfaced * (facts, definitions, background and current information not covered in the introduction) * whom it affects * how it affects those involved * any laws or rules surrounding it * For one of your body paragraphs, you may want to highlight an incident that actually occurred in your life or on the news that relates to your issue. Conclusion (1 paragraph) * You can restate your thesis statement in a different way. Leave a lasting impression by adding new information to back up what youve already stated, or ending with a surprising or thought-provoking note that makes your reader think more on the issue. Check your spelling (including correct usage of homonyms), punctuation, capitalization, sentence structure and grammar. You will be graded on grammar and mechanics as well as the depth and accuracy of your response to the prompt.

Free Essays on Charlse Darwin

Charles Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, England, on February 2, 1809. His father was Robert Waring Darwin, a physician and son of the famous Erasmus Darwin, also a physician, as well as a respected writer and naturalist. His mother was Susannah Wedgewood Darwin. She died when Charles was eight. Charles was educated in the local school, taught by Dr. Samuel Butler. In 1825, he went to Edinburgh to start studying medicine, but he soon realized that he did not have the stomach for it. So he switched to Cambridge, ostensibly to become a clergyman. He was actually more interested in entomology, especially beetles, and in hunting. He graduated from Christ’s College in 1831. It is said that even when he was a young man, he had a patient and open mind, spending many hours collecting specimens of one sort or another and pondering over new ideas. The idea of evolution was very much in the air in those times. It was increasingly clear to naturalists that species change and have been changing for many years. The question was, how did this happen? One of his mentors, John Henslow, encouraged him to apply for the unpaid position of naturalist on a surveying expedition on the now-famous vessel, the Beagle, under the command of Capt. Robert Fitz-Roy. Charles left England for the first time in his life on December 27, 1831. He wouldn’t return until October 2, 1836! Most of the ship’s time was spent surveying the coasts of South America and nearby islands, but it would also visit various Pacific islands, New Zealand, and Australia. It was the Galapagos Islands that most impressed him. There he found that finches had evolved a variety of beaks, each suited to a particular food source. Natural variation had somehow been selected to fit the ecological niches available on the tiny islands. Upon returning, he wrote several books based on his surveys on geology and the plant and animal species he had observed and collected. He also published hi... Free Essays on Charlse Darwin Free Essays on Charlse Darwin Charles Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, England, on February 2, 1809. His father was Robert Waring Darwin, a physician and son of the famous Erasmus Darwin, also a physician, as well as a respected writer and naturalist. His mother was Susannah Wedgewood Darwin. She died when Charles was eight. Charles was educated in the local school, taught by Dr. Samuel Butler. In 1825, he went to Edinburgh to start studying medicine, but he soon realized that he did not have the stomach for it. So he switched to Cambridge, ostensibly to become a clergyman. He was actually more interested in entomology, especially beetles, and in hunting. He graduated from Christ’s College in 1831. It is said that even when he was a young man, he had a patient and open mind, spending many hours collecting specimens of one sort or another and pondering over new ideas. The idea of evolution was very much in the air in those times. It was increasingly clear to naturalists that species change and have been changing for many years. The question was, how did this happen? One of his mentors, John Henslow, encouraged him to apply for the unpaid position of naturalist on a surveying expedition on the now-famous vessel, the Beagle, under the command of Capt. Robert Fitz-Roy. Charles left England for the first time in his life on December 27, 1831. He wouldn’t return until October 2, 1836! Most of the ship’s time was spent surveying the coasts of South America and nearby islands, but it would also visit various Pacific islands, New Zealand, and Australia. It was the Galapagos Islands that most impressed him. There he found that finches had evolved a variety of beaks, each suited to a particular food source. Natural variation had somehow been selected to fit the ecological niches available on the tiny islands. Upon returning, he wrote several books based on his surveys on geology and the plant and animal species he had observed and collected. He also published hi...

How to Dress as Someone of Another Race for Halloween

How to Dress as Someone of Another Race for Halloween With people of color more prominent in pop culture than ever before, some costume lovers face a dilemma: Is it alright to dress up as someone of a different race for Halloween? The answer to that question depends on the costume you’ve chosen and your presentation of it, not to mention the person you’ve decided to duplicate for the occasion. If you insist on doing it, follow the tips below. Itll lower  the odds that you’ll make a racial gaffe if you dress up as a person of another race for Halloween. Go as a Particular Person Under no circumstances is it alright to dress up as a Mexican, African or an Asian for Halloween. A racial group does not make for an appropriate costume, and any desire to dress up as a generic minority for Halloween is a pretty good indicator that you’ve bought into stereotypes about the group in question. To raise awareness about this issue, Ohio University group Students Teaching About Racism in Society  launched a campaign called Were a culture, not a costume. Instead of dressing up as a generic racial group for Halloween, choose a particular individual to dress up as, preferably one who’s known for suiting up in certain ensembles. Golfer Tiger Woods often wears red polo shirts and black pants while competing. Throw on such an outfit and walk around with a golf club in hand, and many people will pick up on the fact that you’re Mr. Woods for Halloween. Suiting up as an athlete who wears a jersey is one way to be easily identifiable. Most basketball fans know that Steph  Curry  is No. 30. Of course, your costume needn’t be relegated to the sports world. With his trademark sequined glove and red leather jacket, Michael Jackson is an instantly recognizable costume. No Blackface Avoid blackface like the plague when dressing up as a person of a different race for Halloween. Recognize that many African  Americans consider blackface to be as offensive as the N-word. If you’re choosing to go as a minority celebrity who wears attire that’s recognizable to the masses, there’s no need to darken your skin.   The same goes for taping your eyes back to appear Asian. Instead, choose to go as a highly recognizable Asian figure for Halloween, such as buddy team Harold and Kumar in their orange jumpsuits from the â€Å"Guantanamo Bay† film or the Japanese schoolgirl Gogo Yubari,  who handled a meteor hammer in â€Å"Kill Bill.† On Halloween, you should also reconsider throwing on an Afro wig. While natural hair has made a comeback in the black community, most African Americans today don’t sport 1970s style Afros, so unless you’re dressing up as Dolemite or another blaxploitation hero from that era, you should question the need to rock a faux Afro for Halloween. On the other hand, if your costume for Halloween is Bob Marley, you’re a lot less likely to offend people by donning a dreadlock wig, as locks were a staple of his look. But even in this case, its wise to exercise caution. Some people may still view such wigs as a mockery of natural black hairstyles. Wear a Mask You can avoid making many of the racial gaffes that befall Halloween celebrants by merely wearing a mask. A mask will remove any temptation to use blackface, tape back your eyes or make similar racially offensive moves. A variety of manufacturers offer masks of President Barack Obama, Michael Jackson and other famous people of color. Avoid Stereotypical Costumes Some costumes are just asking for trouble. Avoid politically incorrect costumes that fuel racial stereotypes. People of color aren’t likely to appreciate a white person dressing up like Aunt Jemima, a Muslim terrorist or an  illegal alien. Question your motivation for wanting to wear a Halloween costume that’s likely to be regarded as racist. It may seem like a funny idea to you but will feel like a slap in the face to the communities mocked by the costume.

CONTRACT LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

CONTRACT LAW - Essay Example Consideration moves from the promisee, not the third party and thus the third party cannot sue upon the contract (Tweddle v Atkinson [1861]2. As imagined, this was done in the interest of certainty in law but it did have the potential of leading to unfairness for a party to whom the benefit was provided, such as that witnessed in Dunlop and Shanklin Pier v Detel Products3. This is where the Law Commission came in with its reforms in 1996. The resulting Contract (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 brought into force that report of the Law Commission (1996) which allows third parties to enforce the contract and be able to sue for breaches subject to a few conditions. Needless to say, this brought forth a welcome wave of statutory protection for third parties which previously were entitled to benefits under that contract but still could not enforce it due to lack of consideration. Section 1 of the Contract (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 provides that a third party may be able to enfo rce the terms of the contract if â€Å"the contract expressly provides that he may† (s.1(1)(a)) and â€Å"the term purports to confer a benefit on him† (s. 1(1)(b)) (except where on proper construction   of the contract it appears that the parties did not intend the term to be enforceable by the third party (s.1(2)). Thus if A agrees to pay C $100 on the performance of an obligation by B, C can enforce that payment if A fails to pay in breach. This was not the case earlier, as seen in Beswick v Beswick4 where the nephew made a contract with his uncle which involved payment of weekly maintenance to the aunt. The House of Lords held that Mrs. Beswick could not enforce the contract since she was not privy to it. In light of the Contract (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 today, it is clear that the case would have been decided differently. The third party may also rely on exclusion clauses in order to protect its interest. However, simply conferring a benefit to the thi rd party may not be enough to grant him a right to sue. Where there is doubt as to whether the parties designed the agreement to avoid conferring a right to sue on the third party, s.1(2) applies and the courts will, on a proper construction of the contract, seek to determine the actual intention of the parties. This presents certain problems if the contract does not expressly state the intention of the parties. In Nisshin Shipping Co Ltd v Cleaves & Co Ltd [2003]5, the burden of proof to counter a right granted to a third party to sue under s.1(2) was placed on the party that alleges that such a right has been wrongfully applied (as per Colman J). Thus, in a neutral contract, where there is no language barring the third party to sue, it would usually follow that the statute often grants a right to sue to the third party. This safeguards the third party a little too broadly, and it has been applied differently where the chain of sub-contracts is long. In cases where the contract con sist of sub-contracts that purport to confer a benefit to a third party, it is more likely for courts to construe that parties privy to a sub-contract lower down the chain did not intend to enable the third party benefitting under that contract to sue up the hierarchy the original contractor (see Junior Book v. Veitchi & Co Ltd [1983]6. Of course, it must be noted that the Act does not allow the right to a third party in all cases and the parties may explicitly bar him to sue on it. In addition, there must be some identification

Rally Championship; Design Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rally Championship; Design - Coursework Example e other hand, Bacillus.cereus involves two important secretion systems that were responsible for toxin secretion and proteins such as Tat and Sec-SRP type. There are many benefits derived from some strains of Bacillus.cereus , it is used to treat crops disease and it does involve in a pesticide to prevent the fungi from plants .Although, this bacteria can be dangerous for human , the recent studies show that it has produced antibiotic toxins involving antibiotic B and zwittermicin A which are useful for plants to protect them from disease. Bucillus cereus is a gram –positive bacteria and it is a rod shaped and facultative anaerobic organism. The first time it was discovered was in 1969 from mail patient who had fatal pneumonia (Hoffmaster.A et al , 2006). In terms to the environmental aspect , Bacillus .cereus is found in the soil and it is separated widely in the nature. Also, it is participate to microflora of insects and might found in plants(Vilain.S et al ,2006) Bacteria belongs to bacilli family and it is related genetically to Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus pseudomycoides, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus weihenstephanensis and Bacillus thuringiensis. These bacterium have the ability to secrete different types of toxins. (Drobrniewski .F ,1993)has given an interesting example which is Bacillus anthracis lead to Cause anthrax to humans and animals, whereas Bacillus cereus is caused food borne illness .In addition, Bacillus.cereus is often beta hemolytic that is breakdown of red blood cells in vitro, while Bacillus. anthracis is non hemolytic. It is possible that, some strain of Bacillus. cereus are harmful to humans and the other would be beneficial to a certain degree. This due to the fact that sometime Bacillus. cereus can product probiotics which is useful while it may tend to give rise in Food poisoning and gastroenteritis. These diseases have a main syndrome such as emetic and diarrhea the vomiting might cause by contaminated food by only

Adult social care settings Essay Example for Free

Adult social care settings Essay Outcome 1 1.1 People communicate to understand their needs, to have a conversation, to express feelings, needs, to build relationships and trust. They communicate to share information and opinions, to ask questions and get answers. 1.2 Communication between staff effects service provision, understanding each other, team work and dignity in care. If communication is not effective, it can affect again residents-we can do harm to them, it can affect their health and well-being. Communication with staff is essential for passing information from one person to another. Information can be passed from carer worker to carer worker via verbal communication or written documents from care plans and daily reports, to fire books. Written communication has to be effective as it provides an on-going picture of a certain person, situation. Effective communication between staff is essential for care to be professional. Without effective communication care needs of the clients may go unnoticed leading to medical problems, abuse, depression etc. Communication with residents is most important in care job. That’s the way how you can easier understand they needs, requirements. It can affect service that carer provide to residents-more effective communication, better service to residents; with effective communication carer is building trust between residents and staff that helps in future work with them. 1.3 The care worker should always observe an individual’s reactions to see whether person fully understands what you have said to them. If the resident for example looks confused then the carer must then adapt their communication and ask again the question or other. In this way communication will be effective. It is also important to observe an individual’s reactions so as to spot anything that may be worrying them or upsetting them; the carer must to change their approach – this may be noticed through the resident change in facial expression or body language. If resident cannot verbalise what they want or prefer, then observing their reactions staff can make a decision about resident needs. Outcome 2 2.1 It makes more effective communication, more understand what other person trying to say. More understand they culture, religious believes. To be involved in their daily life. To avoid the individual feeling excluded, becoming distressed, frustrated or frightened. 2.2 Is verbal and non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication is all without making noises, sounds. It can be writing, showing pictures with food choice, walk in park, toilette need. Can be even facial expressions, eye contact, body language, gestures or touch to get attention, physical gestures, behaviour. Verbal communication is vocabulary and tone in what person like to talk, involved in conversation. Outcome 3 3.1 Communication barriers can be place where person is, people around, noisy environment, values, culture, beliefs, his wishes and needs. Reason can be even lighting, how close you stand to that person or language barrier. 3.2 Communication barriers can reduce if you take the person to another room. Can try to turn lower music volume on television or radio. Try to talk with person in more private place, ask about his needs. Another way how we can reduce the impact of this barrier is by using a translator when you or resident do not understand what you both are saying because of a language barrier. Finally this would work because by using a translator you will not be offending people who speak a different language. Communication barrier can be because of different cultures and they include different cultures using different words or signs which may not be accepted in other cultures. One example of a mechanism which can be used to reduce the impact of this barrier to communication is by respecting other peoples beliefs and social habits. 3.3 To be sure that person understand me I can see it by his facial expressions, body language or his action on what I said. Ask if the person understand me, rephrasing. Some person need more time for get right answer or you should repeat a question, sentence. 3.4 It can be more enable: Colleague staff member who knows resident issues, needs, wishes, more  about his culture, values, beliefs. Speech therapist – can tell who has had a stroke. GP is person who know more about resident general health problems, how staff can make that person more relax and comfortable. Family can tell more about carrier person daily life, person food choice, needs. Psychotherapist – can advise on exercise for people at all stages of dementia. They can also give advice carers on safe ways of helping someone to move. Dentist – can be used if the individual has dentures which are to loose and move when speaking. Outcome 4 4.1 Confidentiality means keeping residents information private and safe and passing information to only those who have rights to it. Confidentiality means also not passing information outside care house, keeping information safe and private. 4.2 Confidentiality you can maintain with not passing information outside of work or to other resident visitors. Be professional and don’t talk about residents in public places when you have a meal with work colleagues or in public transport on a way home. Don’t leave a written personal records lying around. You need to put them in safe place, where access is just for staff members. Health records are confidential. They should be shared only on a need-to-know basis. Carrier can give access to resident relevant information to those who have rights to know it. 4.3 Can share confidential information when the person is being placed in danger, harmed or abused. You can share information with other staff members in situation if for example resident is telling you he feels in danger of other resident or staff member and ask you not to tell anyone. It is situation where you need to explain person that you can’t keep information, because you want him to be in safety and need to help him by acting straight away. Can share when a criminal act has taken place. However, even, where it is clearly beneficial to share information for direct care, rules about confidentiality and privacy still apply. That means that only those who have a clear need to know should have access to the relevant confidential information. 4.4 Can seek advice about confidentiality if speaking with manager or with the organisation’s confidentiality policy. If someone is calling by phone and asking some information about any of residents and you are not sure who it is you can always ask him to speak with manager or just  take persons phone number and tell him that manager will call him back. The Data Protection Act is a law that applies to all social services and health records. It means that any information about resident should be kept accurately and securely, and there should be measures restricting who can see it. There are circumstances when an authority may have the right to break the rules about confidentiality. This is normally in extreme situations.

Martin Luther King Jr. :: Biography

Martin Luther King, Jr. was born at noon Tuesday, January 15, 1929, at his home in Atlanta, Georgia. He was first named Michael Luther King Jr., and later changed his name to Martin, after his father. He was the first son and second child born to the reverend Martin Luther King, Sr., and Alberta Williams King, a schoolteacher.Growing up as an African American in Georgia, Martin experienced and suffered discrimination throughout his boyhood. This discrimination against black people was cruel and demoralizing. Martin Luther King Jr. told once of an experience he had riding a bus with his schoolteacher from Macon to Atlanta, "the driver started cursing us out and calling us black sons of bitches. I decided not to move at all, but my teacher pointed out that we must obey the law. So we got up and stood in the aisle the whole 90 miles to Atlanta. It was a night I'll never forget. I don't think I have ever been so deeply angry in my life."There were many discriminatory laws in the South. They had certain restaurants that they were allowed to eat in, separate water-fountains, separate bathrooms. Just about everything you can think of was segregated. One of his first experiences was with the curtains that were used on the dining cars of trains to separate the whites from the blacks. This incident struck King pretty hard, he said, "I felt just it as if a curtain had come down across my whole life. The insult of it I will never forget."King was an extremely bright student and skipped right through his high school years and entered Atlanta's Negro Morehouse College at age 15. His father encouraged him to study ministry, while he had his heart set on medicine or law. King was embarrassed of his own religion. He didn't understand what all the shouting and stamping was all about. But after reading and rereading Thoreau's essay, "Civil Disobedience," he came to the conclusion that the only way he could bring about his ideas on social protest was through ministry.At Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester, Pennsylvania, King studied the writings and teachings of many philosophers, such as Hegel and Kant, but the person that impressed him the most was Mohandas Gandhi, and his beliefs in a nonviolent protest.

Article Review of Leaderships Is a Conversation Essay

Boris Groysberg is a Professor of Business Administration in the Organizational Behavior unit at the Harvard Business School. He currently teaches Managing Human Capital course in the second year elective course of the MBA program and in several Executive Education programs. Michael Slind is a writer, editor, and communication consultant of talk, inc: How Trusted Leaders Use Conversation to Power Their Organization (Harvard Business Review Press, 2012). As the phrase â€Å"Leadership is a Conversation† implies, this article focuses on how leaders should communicate with their employees. In the new business world, smart leader engage with employees in a way that is similar to an ordinary person-to-person conversation. These can be easily achievable by using the model of leadership that the authors developed called â€Å"organizational conversation†. There are four essential elements to this model; they are intimacy, interactivity, inclusion and intentionality. SUMMARY The author’s premise in this article is that one-way directive communication is no more effective in today’s business world and that it should be replaced by two – way conversation. They then propose a new model of leadership that they developed which they call â€Å"organizational conversation†. The benefits of using â€Å"organizational conversation† are that it allows leaders to â€Å"retain or recapture some of the qualities – operational Flexibility, high levels of employee engagement, tight strategic alignment – that enable start-ups to out-perform better established rivals. †(pg. 78). The authors then go on to explain the four interrelated elements of â€Å"organizational conversation†. The first element is intimacy. In this element the authors explained that leaders need to gain the trust of their employees. They then continue to say that mental and emotional closeness is all that is needed and one what to achieve it is to â€Å"step down from their corporate perches and then step up to the challenge of communicating personally and transparently with people. †(pg. 78). Then they explain the three ways to manifest intimacy, gain trust, listen well and get personal. The second element is interactivity. The authors begin by defining a conversation and by stating that in order to apply this element, leaders should communicate with employees in a more open and accepting way to promote a more â€Å"open and fluid† dialogue between the two people. They also state that interacting with employees will strengthen the intimacy between employer and employees and one way to do so is by changing the channel of communication within an organization from a one sided channel like a broadcast to a two-way channel like a blog or â€Å"TelePresence†. The third element is inclusion. Here the authors explain that a conversation is an â€Å"equal opportunity endeavor† because it allows employees to share ownership of the substance of the discussion. This gives employees the chance to put their hearts and souls into contributing their own ideas instead of just agreeing with others. They then explain the 3 new roles that committed employees can adopt once the spirit of inclusion is added into the company, which are brand ambassadors, thought leaders and story tellers. The final element is intentionality. While the first three elements concentrates on opening the flow of ideas, intentionality is focused on bringing the discussion to a single vision of what the discussion is for. The authors believe that this will help employees from all levels of the company hierarchy to gain a general understanding on where the company stands in its competitive environment. The authors then conclude the article by stating that the flow of conversation is out of control and that smart leaders learn how to use conversation to their benefit by managing the flow of information in an honest fashion. One-way communication has become an antique but people will listen to conversation that is intimate, interactive, inclusive and intentional. CRITUQUE In the article, Groysberg and Slind give several examples of how business communications are dealt with in our current world. However, some of the points raised are questionable. Such as that of Athenahealth where the company entrusts secret documents to all their workers and hence makes them all â€Å"insiders†. This is worrying, as to deem all employees as responsible is a clear generalisation. They are sure to be several bad apples in any company, waiting to spill their company secrets to a competitor. Athenahealth’s idea requires a high level of trust which is not possibly attainable in a world where white collar crime is rampant. Practices like these might lead to companies losing revenue as ideas are stolen by other companies. Therefore, communications between the top brass and the employees should be amiable and open, but not to the extent where company secrets are divulged easily. In addition to that, the authors also cite examples of ways to broaden communications with employees such as the case of Cisco using its Tele-Presence product which enables people to have video conferences which are close to real conversations. The users are able to see eye to eye and are able to have almost life-like conversations through their computer. Another is the Kingfisher plc. , which held a â€Å"bazaar of ideas† with the idea to link up several previously separate divisions. These ideas may be all well and good for industry giants such as Cisco and Kingfisher. But for smaller companies, which make up most of the bulk of business, these ideas are not feasible as they are too expensive. Cisco’s Tele-Presence for instance, is US$21,600, which is a large amount of money, especially for a head of a small business or a upstart company. Kingfisher’s â€Å"bazaar of ideas† meanwhile, involved them renting a building in Barcelona, and one can only imagine how much that would cost , considering that Kingfisher made it a compulsory event for all their retail managers. Groysberg and Slind give good examples, but unfortunately , they are not suitable for all except those at the very crux of the business world However, the article also gives some positive points. Groysberg and Slind persuade managers to have personal conversations with their employees and not just bark instructions to them. This is a style of communication where managers not only give information to their workers but also they gather new knowledge and the views of their employees. This two-way communication style is a far cry from the older style of business communications where communications were only one-way, from top to bottom. When an employee’s opinion on company policy is sought by their superiors, he is sure to feel wanted by the company. Concurrently, his job enthusiasm will also increase. As the saying goes, a happy employee is a productive employee. Gryosberg and Slind also talk about mental and emotional proximity being of vital importance in business conversation. The point conveyed is that as physical communication is not always feasible, with both employees and managers having too much to do in their hand, mental and emotional proximity, the key to build a bond between the two parties. These two elements are components of conversational intimacy. Conversational intimacy is the building of a relationship through conversation. It requires good body language and listening skills for a manager to achieve an intimate relationship with his underlings. The example in the article of the president and CEO of Duke Energy, James E. Rodgers, is a classic case in point. Rodgers created a grading system for employees to grade him. When he found out that employees commented negatively on his internal communications skills, Rodgers set out doing the exercise more often while improving himself at the same time. The number of those who still thought he did not improve gradually decreased. When employees saw him make an effort, they saw that Rodgers was trying to approach them, and his listening to their comments showed them that their opinion mattered. This created an intimate bond between them. Hence, other employers can use this method to help foster good relations between themselves and their employees CONCLUSION Generally, this article gives a good insight towards the how modern business communications should be conducted.

The Next Hunger Games English Literature Essay

The narrative a subsequence. Its about a miss, Katniss. She lived in District 12 and got picked as testimonial to contend in the one-year Hunger Games, organized by the Capitol, the topographic point that regulations over a state called Panem ( what used to be the United States ) . The 1 who survives the game, wins. Merely one individual could win, but at the terminal they said two people from the same territory could win together. When Katniss and her fellow District 12 testimonial Peeta think they ‘ve won, they ‘re told merely one of them can win. Because they refuse to kill each other, they want to take toxicant berries so they ‘ll both decease. This is seen as opposition by the Capitol ( the Capitol regulations everything ) , and they are rapidly stopped. So, together with Peeta, Katniss won the Hunger Games. Because of Katniss ‘ behaviour, people are easy turning against the Capitol. The following Hunger Games, all the old victors had to be in the games once more, even though they would really ne'er have to once more. At the terminal, the staying testimonials are saved by Rebels and they are brought to District 13. Cipher knew District 13 still existed though. In the interim, Katniss has become the symbol of the revolution. She is the ‘Mockingjay ‘ . She does hold a twosome of demands. So she wants President Coin, the president of District 13, to allow unsusceptibility to all former victors of the Hunger Games. She besides wants to be the 1 who kills President Snow ( President of Panem ) . Peeta was non rescued by the Rebels so the Rebels decide to take action, and free Peeta from the Capitol. If successful, it is non the Peeta that Katniss can retrieve her. But when Peeta is saved, he attacks Katniss because he was brainwashed by the Capitol so he would believe that Katniss is the enemy. The Rebels, with Katniss as their leader, continue runing and they go to the Capitol. Their end is to kill President Snow. During this trip, a figure of Rebels are killed, including Finnick. Finally Katniss goes looking for president Snow by herself. Then parachutes fall down, the same 1s that were used in the Hunger Games to supply things. The kids instantly try to acquire them, but they are bad packages, because there are bombs inside. Many of the kids and the Rebel medical squad are killed because of this. Among these people was Primrose, Katniss ‘ sister. This has a great impact on Katniss. Finally Katniss gets to President Snow and they talk briefly. He tells her that non he, but President Coin was responsible for the bombs. Katniss does n't cognize what to believe, but if this is true so Gale was cognizant of this program, even though he denies everything. When Katniss gets the opportunity to kill President Snow, she remembers that she had one time made a trade with him ; they would ever state each other the truth. So alternatively of killing him, she shoots an pointer at President Coin. Commotion arises and it seems President Snow is dead, but it is ill-defined how he died precisely. Katniss wants to perpetrate self-destruction, but right when she wants to take the pill, Peeta stops her. Katniss does n't acquire pursued and goes back to District 12 with some others and they want to reconstruct the territory. Katniss eventually sees that it was inevitable to fall in love with Peeta. She did non necessitate Gale. Together with Haymitch, Katniss and Peeta create a book with the narratives of the old testimonials and others during who died during the rebellion. This manner, they would ne'er be forgotten. The book ends with an epilogue. Katniss is an grownup and has two kids, she is married to Peeta. The Hunger Games are history, but Katniss does non look frontward to the minute when she has to state her kids about the Games and the war.SubjectFerociousnessDescription of the chief characterKatniss Everdeen: Katniss is a 17 twelvemonth old miss. She is obstinate and independent. Her small sister Prim means a batch to her. She loves runing with her friend Gale. Because she did n't desire to be bossed around by the Capitol, she gave people hope. So she became ‘the Mockingjay ‘ .Description of two minor charactersPeeta Mellark: Peeta Mellark was a bakers boy. He ever had a crush on Katniss before they got picked to be testimonials. Peeta is really talented in picture. He is diffident, really sweet and would make anything for Katniss. Gale Hawthorne: Gale is Katniss ‘ best friend and they ever hunt together. He cares a batch about his household. He is rebellious and lovingness. He is in love with Katniss.Description of the topographic point where the narrative is setDistrict 13. This is the District furthest off from the Capitol. It is under the land, so it looks as if there is nil. But, under the land are populating a batch of people.When does the narrative take topographic point?The narrative takes topographic point in the hereafter. I know this because it is told in the first book of the series. The narrative is told inveterate.Who is the storyteller?The narrative is told from Katniss ‘ position.Explanation of the rubricWhen Katniss went into the Hunger Games in the first book, she got a pin with a mockingjay on it. That is the combination of a mocker and a jabberjay ( a bird designed by the Capitol to memorise conversations so the Capitol could descry on people. When the jabberjay ‘s got misu sed by the people being spied on, the jabberjay ‘s were released in the wild. Alternatively of deceasing, they bred with mockers ) . Katniss becomes ‘the mockingjay ‘ as a statement.Is the book merely meant as a narrative or is the writer seeking to convey across a message?I do n't believe there ‘s truly a message behind the narrative. Possibly if you try really difficult to happen some kind of intending behind the narrative you could believe of a message but I think that ‘s a small far-fetched.My sentiment on the bookI liked the book, because I was really funny about how the narrative would stop.Would I urge the book to my schoolmates?Certain, I would urge the book to my schoolmates. But, they should hold read the other books because this is merely the concluding book. If they have read the other books, I would decidedly urge the book because it is easy to read and it ‘s non really complicated ( unless you have n't read the other books evidently ) .Which portion I liked bestI liked the stoping best, merely because I wanted to cognize how the narrative ended.Which portion disappointed me mostI guess what disappointed me most was besides the stoping, because even though I loved Peeta, I in secret wanted Katniss to take Gale. She made the right determination though, but it still someway defeated me.How much clip I spent reading the bookI think it took me about a hebdomad to read the book, but I ‘m non certain how many hours.

Capitalism Free Trade essays

Capitalism Free Trade essays A global assembly line is a capitalists dream come true. It allows companies to do business in free trade zones to manufacture goods throughout the world at the lowest possible cost to the company. This assembly line enables companies like Nike, with corporate headquarters in the U.S. w to shut down their factories here, and move over seas where there are less restrictions and cheaper labor. Where as the production cost are drastically less in these free trade zones, so are the human rights laws, especially those pertaining to women, the majority of the work force. By moving its production sites to places like Asia, Nike is able to pay workers sub-minimum wage, on top of allowing the corporation to dodge responsibility for the treatment of its work force. Nike strategists have certainly managed to devise a plan to escape the responsibility and liability of insuring that it assembly line sites are safe, healthy and fair labor places of work, by subcontracting to foreign owned and governed factories. South Korea, the " sneaker capital of the world" is one of these places. According to the article "The Globe Trotting Sneaker" the workers in these assembly factories are predominantly women. The article also highlights the fact that South Korea has a military government that possesses a strong determination to suppress labor organizations. Nike is not blind to this information. These facts only work more for the sneaker typhoon. It allows them to profit legally from under paid, over controlled and unorganized women laborers. A Confucian following culture. In which Korean women except the philosophy that her morality is measured by the amount of hard work she is willing to endure for her families well being and to acquiesce to her father and husbands dictates is yet another benefit that Nike reaps the profits from. The Global assembly line affects every part of the factory workers life both U.S and Korean. T...

How to Write Research Paper Fast [Guide]

How to Write Research Paper Fast [Guide] Research paper is considered as a long term assignment, when you have to spend a lot of time on research and then even more time to put the materials together and write a decent research paper. However, what if you dont have all that time? What if youve procrastinated too much, and the deadline is tomorrow but you have no ideas, no inspiration and no research materials for your paper. And you dont want to buy research paper online. Fortunately, there is a plan not only to write a research paper fast, but to do it with the kind of style that will nab you a fantastic grade. Here is a minute by minute guide that will lead you to a complete writing assignment withing 2 hours approx. 15 Minutes: Research Paper Thesis If you’re going to write a paper that works, you need a solid thesis. Remember, a thesis is the thing that explains what your whole paper is going to be about. For a research paper, you need to make an assertion in your thesis – that’s just a fancy way of saying that you’re going to prove something with your research. Don’t worry too much about whether the thing you say you’re going to prove is actually true. For now, just write a thesis that boldly shows what you think. If in the course of your research you find that you’re dead wrong, you just change a few words and no one is the wiser. Example: Cheese is the healthiest snack available, and eating it will make you stronger, smarter, and invincible. Revision: Broccolli is one of the most amazing snacks available, and eating it is proven to make you smarter, healthier, and more attractive to the opposite sex. 30 Minutes: Basic Research Okay, now you need some research to support your assertion that broccoli is truly amazing. You’ll need to do some Googling to make sure you get the kind of high-quality support that your teacher wants to see. In order to not waste your time with ads for Broccolli soup, you need to use a few important search rules that will save you time. For example, you could put in â€Å"Brocolli Health Benefits† into your search bar. This will help, but it may not always lead to the kind of high-quality, non-commercial lead you want. Instead, try adding the term â€Å"site:.edu†. Now, you’re getting that deep research that your professor really wants to see, plus you’re adding in lots of juicy proof for your main ideas. You can also choose site:.org for more great information. Time-Saving Hint: After your Google search, click on the page that you think is awesome. Then, scan the page until you find what you’re looking for that will prove a portion of your main assertion. Instead of writing down the information now, just copy the URL from your browser and paste it into a new window. Then, you can just go to your previous window and back out to see your awesome search results again. You can even save similar information in different search bar windows. 15 Minutes: Writing Paper Outline Now that you have your main research ideas organized into different search windows, you can go into your document program and create the rest of your outline around your main thesis. It should look something like this: I. Intro Paragraph A. Hook B. Transition C. Thesis Broccoli is one of the most amazing snacks available, and eating it is proven to make you smarter, healthier, and more attractive to the opposite sex. II. Body Paragraph A. Main Idea B. Proof from research C. Transition III. Body Paragraph (Repeat as needed) IV. Conclusion Paragraph A. Hook B. Transition C. Restate Thesis D. Clincher All you have to do now is fill in the blanks. Copy and paste your proof from research into as many paragraphs as you need to be able to complete your assignment. Then, jot down quick ideas about how you can transition from one idea to the next. Time-Saving Hint: Don’t worry about spending a lot of time on this, just get down a word or two so that you can get your thoughts in order. You’ll spend the bulk of your time actually writing down full sentences based on this rough framework. 30 Minutes: Writing Now, you have a good idea of what you’re going to say and how to say it. If you really did complete the outline, you can totally finish your whole paper in 30 minutes – as long as you type fast. Basically, you are going to complete the sentences and transitions that you created in your outline and then make sure that they make sense. Also, you are going to make sure that write a great Hook and Clincher. Hook: This is the first element of your research paper, and it should get your professor’s attention. This can be an interesting quote, a strange fact, or create a picture in the reader’s mind. Even for research papers, it’s okay to be interesting and fun with your hook. Clincher: This is the final line in your paper. It should also be interesting and provocative. It should give the reader the final impression you want them to take away from your research and look towards the future, based on your research. For example: In fact, broccoli is so incredible, it’s likely that research will continue to show it’s health and social benefits for years to come. Time-Saving Hint: Avoid spending time on editing and spelling mistakes. Right now, your job is to write for 30 minutes straight so that you can get all the ideas on paper. You can go back and fix mistakes later. 15 Minutes: Editing Now, you can fix all the mistakes you made during your mad dash to get the words out. But, you don’t want to waste time on minor mistakes if you’ve made a major one that needs more attention. Here’s how to do it fast so that your paper had the best chance of success: Go through your paper and ensure that each paragraph can be directly connected to your thesis statement. Make sure all the paragraphs flow. If they are in the wrong order, this is the time to change them. Include any citations that need to be added for your research by linking with footnotes inserting the URL (for now). Read the opening and closing paragraphs back to back. Do they sound similar? That’s a good thing. If they are exactly the same, that is a bad thing. Read your paper to yourself quickly (or have a friend do it). Note any grammar or spelling mistakes and fix them now. 15 Minutes: Citation and Essay Check You’ve almost finished. Now, you need to insert the correct citation page for all those amazing footnotes or citations you included in your paper. Go to Citation Machine and choose the style that your professor expects you to cite in. Follow the directions for the type of resources youre including and simply copy and paste the results into your paper! There you have it! An award-winning research paper in two hours. All it takes is a little planning, some good time-saving methods, and quick fingers, and you can save yourself a huge amount of time and hassle stressing over your writing.

Budget Management Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Budget Management Analysis - Research Paper Example Thirdly, the research paper will state the primary stakeholders of the hospital and their views towards redesigning of the facility and its associated budget. In the last section, the research paper will state the risks involved in pursuing the redesigning of the facility and the risks of not redesigning the hospital. Facility redesign According to the studies conducted by Sawyer (2009), facility is the space whereby employees of an organization carry out their respective duties while design refers to the layout or the architecture of the mentioned space. Sawyer (2009) further stated that facility’s design is an integral component of the operations of an organization because it determines the results of the production process and it goes a long way in meeting employees’ needs. Designing of a facility is usually aimed at ensuring that there is smooth flow of information, and work material within an organization’s space to enable operations to proceed smoothly. Saw yer (2009) stated that a good design of a facility is usually able to integrate employees’ needs, work materials, as well as machinery in a single and effective system. The designing and redesigning of a hospital facility usually takes into consideration various factors such as safety within the facility, the ease of movement and communication, space utilization, material handling, and the impact on employees’ satisfaction and morale. ... he estimated budget for redesigning the facility is presented in the table below: Item Estimated cost($) Architecture’s fee 1500 Constructor’s fee 2000 Construction materials 3000 Purchase of new items 4000 Total 10,500 It is assumed that the facility to be redesigned is the general ward that holds patients with less severe medical cases and therefore the facility does not entail numerous complexities. Moreover, the nurses’ lounge is also located in this general ward. The construction fee is only $2000 and it includes the cost of labor. The amount is considerable small because the work involved will be less, as it will just involve a makeover. The hospital will separately purchase the construction materials listed by the constructor in order to avoid an excess or exaggerated budget arising from the inflated prices by the constructor. The materials will include things such as paints, timber, nails, pipes, cables, and cement, among others. Redesigning the facility will also involve putting in place new items that support the new design, and hence the $4000 budget, which will cover for items such as curtains, beddings that match with the new wall paintings. Other items that will be purchased include new computers, furniture, and communication systems that will be installed at the nurses’ lounge. The total budget for the entire project will be $10,500, which is a considerable amount but it is likely to give the hospital good returns on their investment. Management goals that will be supported by the expenditure It is of essence to note that the redesigning of the facility was implemented because of a management decision that was earlier made. Therefore, redesigning of the facility supports certain management goals that also have an impact of the financial

Global Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global Economy - Essay Example This paper also argues that the global system of economic affairs is prone to repeated crises due to the nature of neoliberalism and capitalist forms of economic development throughout the globe, the following will explore the recent global economic crisis and compare it with the Great Depression of 1929. Accordingly, the current economic crisis shares many parallels with the economic crisis that occurred eighty years ago. This paper will look at the role of organizations such as the IMF in mitigating – although not hindering – the outbreak of the global economic crisis. The essay then concludes with an overview of the issues analysed (Harvey, 2007: 33-27). Planned capitalism, expressed through governmental economic intervention and the Bretton Woods Agreements of 1944, exploded during the 1970s. Bretton Woods, which established both the World Bank and the IMF, symbolised the supremacy of the United States in setting international monetary policy. Hobsbawm argues that these two international institutions were â€Å"de facto subordinated to US policy† (1994: 274). When the United States pulled out of the Bretton Woods monetary system in 1971 and allowed its currency to float in international markets, it caused a chain reaction with unexpected global ramifications. Currencies were devalued across the board and the United States, as well as its Western allies, was ill equipped to deal with the resulting oil embargo implemented by OPEC two years later. When OPEC, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, announced that it would no longer be shipping oil to countries that had supported Israel in its war with Egypt and Sy ria in 1973, it triggered an international calamity known as the Oil Crisis of 1973. The Yom Kippur War – as the war between Israel and the joint forces of Egypt and Syria in 1973 is now known – inadvertently led to a global economic crisis OPEC members

CH Energy Main Competitor Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

CH Energy Main Competitor - Research Paper Example CH energy operates mainly in the United States of America which is the world's largest economy with an approximate per-capita GDP of about $46,900. It is also militarily and technologically the most powerful nation in the world. It is a purely market-oriented economy with most of the important strategic business decisions taken by individuals or the board of companies. The government buys goods and services from the private sector. The problems in this economy are inadequate investments towards economic infrastructures, a very high medical cost, trade and budget deficits apart from income stagnation in the economic groups with lower income. The GDP with regards to the purchasing power parity is about $ 14.26 trillion as of 2008. The GDP as per real growth rate is 1.1% as of 2008. The per capita GDP is about $ 46,900 as of 2008. In the total figure of GDP agriculture contributes about 1.2%, the industry contributes 19.2% and the services sector contributes about 79.6% towards the GDP. All this implies a rosy scenario for CH energy as the figures show that the country is predominately industry based which would result in a huge demand for power and related services. The country also offers a 154.3 million strong workforce. The country has a public debt of about 60.8% of the GDP as of 2007. The central bank discount rate is 0.5% as of 2009. The USA has a $1,624 trillion stock of money. The country has a wide range of industries ranging from consumer goods, aerospace, motor vehicles, steel, telecommunications, food processing, petroleum, and other industries. The country produces 4167 trillion kWh units of electricity and consumes about 3892 trillion kWh of power annually as of 2007. The USA exports about 20.14 billion units of electricity and imports only 51.4 billion kWh units of electricity.

Different Cultures Residing In Close Proximity Cultural Studies Essay

Different Cultures Residing In Close Proximity Cultural Studies Essay This report of cross cultural management on the analysis of different cultures residing in close proximity will discuss the differences and similarities individuals share belonging to different cultures and ethnicity. It also highlights the facts about different cultures and the similarities which caused some troubles or helped during the entire course of PALS. We spent quite a time during this complete course of PALS and experienced a lot of different incidents due to which we concluded lot of information about Pakistani culture as well as the fact that managing diversity in culture while working on any thing is difficult and requires expertise. We had two major ethnicities in our group, Pakistani and Chinese. There were few similarities and little dissimilarity in both the cultures. If discussed with reference to the cross cultural theory of Fons Trompenaars. With the five basic dimensions of the cultural model which depicts the way human beings deal with one another, the differences of Pakistani and Chinese culture we encountered will be discussed. Personal Experience In the entire time during our PALS course, we had different conflicts with each other which we had to sort out but one thing that we all noticed was that all of us were comfortable in working as a team, though in the start the females took time in trusting on Shakoor and myself but once they were comfortable, we made a nice group which actually showed that all of us were used to of being a part of some team, group or a family. We behaved properly and tried to even subjugate our own feelings for the sake of harmony among the group members, especially the girls were peace makers. They most of the time used to communicate in a certain way that it never looked as if they disagree over something it always used to be something like you are absolutely right, we should think about it and later on a better time they used to present their own ideas which maintained the accord of the whole group and it felt like a family of five (5) members. Cross Cultural Theory Individualism vs. Collectivism Individualism refers to the way of living which characterises people with their self as most important; it focuses on I most rather than on We whereas Collectivism refers to the way where the actions are based for the betterment of the whole group, team or community (Arrindell, Hatzichristou, Wensink, Rosenberg, Twillert,, Stedema, Meijer 1997). It was concluded from the above stated example that Chinese and Pakistani, both the cultures are collectivists. One Pakistani though but it was enough to conclude that he was more interested in group work, team and association with a certain group rather than working alone and getting credit for that. Part 2 Focus on Self I being the leader of the group had to intervene and interfere in every matter of the group. The major feelings that I experienced during the whole session of PALS were very nice, it was a very nice experience overall, though with a little up and down. Being a part of majority Chinese based group I did not encounter much difficulty in the communication and interaction in the group yet I felt that when two persons belonging to a culture with high context communication, it becomes a little difficult to judge which way to go. Personal Diary Shakoor, the Pakistani male and I myself were discussing about the Activity related to the implications of differences in cultures in the business management of any organization. During the whole discussion I observed that he never disagreed with me directly, wherever he might have had felt the need of disagreement he fell quiet and said something like it is your opinion and I respect that I observed that his way of communicating was high context based. It had two meanings and a person like me belonging to the same type of culture with high context communication was able to understand his way of avoiding any feud between the members. Therefore he always had an indirect way of interacting. Cross Cultural Theory Applied; High vs. Low Context The famous theory of High vs. Low Context Cultures explains that different cultures have different styles of communication. These can be categorized on the basis of the type of culture, it can be high context and it can be low context. In high context cultures, the real meaning of the statement is hidden and embedded somewhere deep and is not clearly stated or written openly that everyone can understand it. People belonging to low context cultures face difficulty while interacting with the high context cultures (Hall Hall 1990). Low Context cultures are those where interaction and communication style is straight forward and simple. Whatever is said is meant in the same way, no double meanings can be applied to low context culture based communication (Kim, Pan Park 1998). The effects of PALS on My Personality The PALS group was supposed to work in harmony and with coordination, one thing which I lacked before entering in to it. I being a dominant person in nature had to listen to everybody and then decide what to do, this made me realize that working in a team and group is far better than working alone because we used to have lots of ideas at one place and then we used to incorporate them in a unique way of our own with mutual consent of everybody. I learnt to work in a team. Part 3 Focus on Other Individuals PALS was targeted towards learning the differences and the similarities of different cultures and to learn the best ways to deal with these differences and cash them for the benefit of the community and if working in an organization then for organizational goals. Personal Diary Once we all members were sitting and were chatting, nothing related to the studies or the PALS, it was then that Li Ran asked every one of us to join her on dinner. We all accepted it except for Shakoor, the Pakistani male; he apologized and said some other time. In our Chinese culture it is taken as an insult if somebody invites you on dinner and one refuses it. But Li Ran did not take it in the same way taken in our culture; she accepted the decline of Shakoor and continued with the discussion in the same pace as it was before Shakoors refusal. I came to the conclusion that Li Ran understood the fact that in Pakistani culture one is free without any obligations of courtesy to refuse and decline any ones invitation to dine together, just with a mere apology. Effects on Each Other Many different incidents took place during PALS which were noteworthy and due to which all the members of the group came to certain rules and the over all harmony of the group was maintained, like at times there was a conflict about the gender biasness from Shakoor, the Pakistani male; he used to be of the favour during discussions and even in the distribution of tasks which depicted that he belongs to a masculine dominant culture, but regardless of that, after some time he became accustomed to the fact that in Chinese culture, gender discrimination is not encouraged, and men and women are dealt at equality. This difference was balanced by both the cultural representatives with mutual understanding and thus the group was based on equality. Cross Cultural Theory Applied Egalitarianism Egalitarianism refers to the belief that explains that everyone is equal; no discrimination should be done on the basis of gender, cast, creed, or ethnicity. It favours the equal free chance to every one (Putterman. L, John. E. R, and Joaquim. S. 1988). Murray N. R. (1970) says that a free market should have liberty for everyone of a fair chance. It should not pose any restrictions on the basis of gender. It was thus concluded that to work in a group or for any betterment of the community or an organization, it is necessary to neglect the factor of gender, cast and creed. Part 4 Focus on Interactions In the PALS course, it was majorly focussed on the interactions and lessening the communication gaps between the members belonging to the different culture and backgrounds. It was so scheduled in the basic course outline that we had to interact and come close to each other in order to reach to certain decisions about the projects, assignments and simultaneously get to know each other. Personal diary I observed that in the start of PALS, the group members were distant from each other, the females became acquainted with each other, but shakoor and I myself were still strangers to the rest of the group. it was shakoor, the Pakistani male; who broke this ice wall and started a proper introduction in a very friendly way, and because of his initiative we got to know each other. It urged me to get to the depth of the fact and I realized that we Chinese are slow and a little reserve with people we dont know and we take quite a time in socializing with people. On the other hand Pakistani culture definitely must be easy in socializing because Shakoor who belonged to Pakistan was at ease in interacting with us, he asked us personal questions as well which according to our Chinese culture were taken as very informal and something to be asked from people you know for years. Another thing which I noticed was that all of us used to use our body language and facial expressions a lot. It was our non verbal communication that established such a relationship among all the members that we never felt a need for disagreement overtly, our facial and body language was enough for that and thus it never came in between us and formed any basis for conflicts in negotiation. Cross Cultural Theory Applied Cultural Influences on Nonverbal Behaviour; Regulators Regulators are the gestures and behaviours that regulate the communication among people in a continuous flow without any hurdle. It is said that regulators are the control factors in interacts and communications (Ekman Friesen, 1969). Thus it was easy to interact in PALS group because of the non verbal communication which all of us were accustomed and attuned to. It did not cause any trouble while discussing and negotiating over something. Part 5 Focus on Cultural Diversity As four (4) out of five (5) of our members of group belonged to china, it was not difficult for me, even as a leader to adjust and control the group. only one person Shakoor was from Pakistani culture. So if discussed from Pakistani and Chinese cultural differences, it can be easily said that there are similarities more as compared to the differences. We came to certain conclusions together as well like both the cultures are high context based, both are family and group oriented, both are good negotiators etc. Personal Diary Once, all of the members of our group went to market. We had to buy few things for our daily use, girls went their way and both I and Shakoor, the Pakistani male went our own separate ways. During my shopping I liked one shirt when I enquired about the price of the shirt I felt it was expensive, I started negotiating on the price and finally settled on the price which was under by budget and the shop keeper was happy too. When all of us friends met for lunch after the shopping and started showing our buying, Shakoor had bought the same shirt I had bought, when I asked about the price thinking that he must have paid higher price for it then I bought on, I was shocked to learn that he had bought on exactly the same price I bought on. I realized then that even Pakistani people are good at negotiating the prices and price factors are important to them in the same way as it is important for us Chinese. Question 2 PALS Group as an Cross Cultural Team If the members of the PALS group were working as a team in an organization, it will have some benefits and some difficulty. Organizations are different from learning institutions, therefore working in organizations on strategies will be different from working on activities and assignments for educational institutes. Cross cultural teams can be managed and trained according to the needs and targets of an organization. There can be many ways to do that like Improving Common Characteristics for effectiveness Improving common characteristics among diverse cultural representatives means that whatever characteristics are common to all (in this cane both) the cultures should be developed in such a way as to target it for the benefit of the organization. For example both Chinese and Pakistani cultures have people with good negotiating skills; it can be so designed that the cross cultural team comprising Chinese and Pakistani could make a nice strategic negotiating team which can be utilized at the time of strategic alliances and bidding negotiations as well as at price settlements. Intercultural Assessment and training Programs We encountered moments in our PALS course where we had to adapt and adjust to the Pakistani culture as well knowing the fact that it is not common in our Chinese Culture, I would come to the conclusion that if same policy is adopted while working in an organization, that is accepting and adjusting to the norms and values and practices of people belonging to other cultures can create a very strong team which in turn will be good for the Companys target and aim. Training programs can be arranged for the team members creating such situations in which it is bound for them to choose the option of way of other cultures and so become accustomed to it. Common Language One of the most important factors that form a basis of successful team is common language that is medium of interaction and communication. If a team with members especially belonging to different cultures have to work together for a common goal should have one common language as well, which in our case was English (Barbara, 2001). One of our members, would not declare the name here, had week English, due to which that person was unable to participate equally in the discussions as others did. This never created any difficulty for us because we had Chinese too as our common language but yet in any organization it could have created troubles during interactions. Dealings with immigrants As Shakoor, Pakistani male is an immigrant, so dealings with an immigrant are different. We four people had one common language, Chinese but he was not aware of Chinese Language so we in the start used to use Chinese language as our common language and he used to feel like an outsider but then suddenly we realized that he was the one to break the ice among we members and then we started using English as our common medium of interaction. Shakoor then was comfortable among us. So if dealing with an immigrant in an organization one must be careful in the language and the words he uses, should be known to everyone belonging to that team.

Legalization of Marijuana Essay -- Illegal Drugs Narcotics essays rese

Marijuana   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marijuana is a big topic these days. Many people want to make sure that marijuana stays illegal. Yet they do not know all the facts about marijuana. They just think that marijuana is bad. I believe that marijuana should be made legal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all, marijuana refers to the dried leaves and flowers of the cannabis plant, which contain the narcotic chemical THC at various potencies. It is smoked or eaten to produce the feeling of being "high". Marijuana has been used for thousands of years for medical, social, relaxation, and religious reasons. Several of our presidents are believed to have smoked it. Those presidents include Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, and many others. John F. Kennedy smoked it to relieve his back pain. Also, many of America's great leaders were hemp farmers. This includes good ol' George Washington. Archeologists believe that cannabis was possibly the first plant farmed by humans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people think that marijuana is addictive, but this is false. Marijuana is less habit forming than either sugar or chocolate. When users take marijuana, it doesn't lead to violence-related crimes. Most users commit crime because they want to get marijuana, but this problem can be easily solved if the government would legalize marijuana again. When you take marijuana, it doesn't make you violent, in fact it leads to non-violence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There has never been a case that a person died from smoking marijuana. THC is one of the few chemic...

Mobile telecommunication

Mobile phones are now seen as necessities rather than luxuries and market penetration (the percentage of the population owning mobile phones) Is very high and growing. A recent report put market penetration In the western E as a whole at 90 per cent In 2004 and predicted that this will rise to 100 per cent by 2007. In some European countries (including the ELK) penetration is in excess of 100 per cent as individuals have more than one mobile phone.This high level of market penetration in the developed world does not mean that the racket is saturated as the advent of 36 technology has opened up the market and will lead to people trading up to more expensive phones. In addition there is an explosion of demand In the developing world. Current competition It Is necessary to look at two aspects of the market as they are Inextricably linked together – the market for mobile handsets and the market for network operators. In both cases the market is oligopolies, as Tables 13. 13 and 13 . 4 show. The market leader for handsets is Monika. However, its position is under threat -its market share in the UK in 2002 was 52 per cent. Ionians main problem was the failure to recognize and meet the increased demand for camera flip-phones. It responded to this criticism by launching a new range of seven handsets in April 2005. The percentages shares of the other manufacturers remained fairly constant between 2002 and 2004, although LOG is a new entrant and the ‘others' group increased Its market share from 10 per cent to 18 per cent.The market for mobile phone handsets in the UK Manufacturer Monika Siemens Sony Ericson Samsung Motorola Others % share of the I-J market, 2004 36 10 18 Table 13. 3 The market for network operators in the UK Network Avoidance Orange 02 T-Mobile Virgin Mobile 3 Tests % share of the UK market, 2004 25 17 01 source: Minute, 2004 There are three large providers of mobile networks in the I-J, with very little between them in terms of market share . In 2002 Orange was the market leader with 27 per cent of the market while Avoidance accounted for 26 per cent of the market; 3 and Tests are new entrants to the market.The market for pay-as-you-go mobile phones is approximately twice the size of the contract market. Power of buyers Mobile phones are mainly for personal use (by 65. 2 per cent of adults) rather than business use (4. 8 per cent of adults). Statistically, the user of a mobile phone is most likely to be single, young and female. Figure 13. 3 shows the ownership of mobile phones in the I-J by age. Ownership is lowest in the 55 years and over age group and the handset manufacturers and network operators recognize this. 2 is working with Saga (the insurance group for the over ass) to launch a deal for the over-ass and Avoidance launched a new handset called Simply in May 2005 which is aimed at the older racket – it has an easy-to-read screen and larger buttons and does not carry many of the more complex features. F igure 13. 3 Source: Keynote, 2005 Although buyers cannot exert a great deal of market power, the high level of competition and easy availability of information on handset prices and network operators means that it is easy to shop around for the best deal.Threat of new entry The barriers to entry in this industry were very high and included access to networks, the cost of license purchase and the cost of brand building. In recent years these barriers have fallen dramatically. The advent of virtual networks has reduced the necessity for access to a network. Virgin is a mobile virtual network operator (NOVO) as it buys spare capacity from T-Mobile and sells it on to consumers. Tests and 02 have a similar relationship.At one time the handset manufacturers also had to manufacture the base stations (used to provide mobile phone coverage) which were very expensive to produce. This was a very effective cost barrier to entry for smaller handset producers. This is no longer necessary as radio chips and other software can increasingly be bought ‘off the shelf. Manufacture of handsets is being subcontracted by some of the larger handset manufacturers and these subcontractors themselves are starting to sell handsets under their own name.Been is an example of such a company. If this starts to happen on a large scale, there will be a threat to the position and market share of the incumbent market leaders. In Table 13. 13 the category of ‘others' grew from 10 per cent in 2002 to the 18 per cent shown in the table for 2004. A further threat to the position of handset manufacturers is the manufacture of handsets by the mobile operators themselves – Orange, for example, sells own brand handsets. This has the effect of tying the handset user into the operating network.In the ELK, there is evidence that there is room for new entrants – Sends for example, claims a 5 per cent market share in the I-J in 2005. Sends was founded in the UK in 1999 and initially supplied handsets to the network operators. It now supplies handsets under its own name through Internet sales and also through the giant retail supermarket Tests. Another barrier to entry which has fallen in recent years is the ‘switching cost' uncured by users when they change between networks.Although users of pay-as you- go still have to pay a fee for ‘unlocking the phone which can amount to as much as EYE. O, operators will provide handsets free to customers who take out a contract for 12 months. In addition, a major obstacle to changing networks – having to change your telephone number – now no longer exists. Although there are no obvious substitutes for the mobile phone, there a number of developments in this area. The advent of 36 technology which was launched in 2004 mainly for business customers will be extended to personal users by the end of 2005.This will offer better features like AD effects and faster access to the Internet and games. New pr oducts will offer the ability to watch films and sporting events as they happen. BIT has developed a hybrid phone – called BIT Fusion – which was launched in June 2005. Fusion operates as a mobile phone when outside the home but switches to the cheaper broadband line when the phone is inside the home. This reduces the cost of usage. Mobile email is seen as a growth area as Microsoft launched a new version of theWindows operating system designed specifically for mobile phones in May 2005. This is mainly used by business but could easily be extended into personal use. Power of suppliers The large manufacturers now subcontract much of their manufacturing to smaller subcontractors like Sends (mentioned above). On the one hand, this gives them increased flexibility in production but, on the other, it allows the subcontractors to enter the market and eventually to compete in their own right – what is there to stop the operators bypassing the handset manufacturers comp letely?It is likely that this development will change the power relations between the handset manufacturers and their suppliers and could possibly result in co-production and co-marketing of the handsets in the longer term. In the race for market share, manufacturers and operators have to offer maximum quality and range of services. The content becomes crucial. The exploitation of the G market requires the best range of content and handset manufacturers are negotiating deals with content suppliers; Avoidance has teamed up with Disney and Sony to provide content for their phones.These large organizations will undoubtedly have some degree of market power over the handset manufacturers simply because of their size and already established market power. From this analysis it can be seen that, although this market is one with very high market penetration, it is not a saturated market. There is scope for new entry to the market and for the development of new products and new markets. The m arket conditions which gave rise to domination by the large vertically integrated giants like Monika and Motorola have largely disappeared and smaller manufacturers are entering the market.

Charles Mingus Use of Bass Guitar

Charles Mingus, a man who had made many contributions to the jazz world, which had included the introduction of the stand-up-bass as a lead instrument where it normally was used to keep time. He is known for composing the second largest amount of pieces just second to Duke Ellington2. He had mainly focused on collective organization when writing is charts that were similar to old school New Orleans street jazz bands, and his peers had once called him an organizational genius for this.Mingus’s pieces are known to be very temperamental meaning the music would go from very loud at times, to soft soothing sections, which got him the nickname â€Å"the angry man of jazz†. Mingus was born on April 22nd, 1922 and raised in Watts, California to a very religious family1. He had started out his musical career by learning to play the piano from his mother, which led him to playing at his local church1 as his musical wisdom began to expand. For most of his childhood he was only alo ud to listen to worship music, seeing how at the time since jazz was viewed as music of the devil due to its association with booze, and drugs.But at times he would sneak away from his studies in religious music and listen to his idol the world renowned Duke Ellington. He made his transition from the piano to the standup bass when he moved to New York and studied with H. Rheinhagen and the principal bassist Lloyd Reese from the New York Philharmonic School1. Mingus’s music was a mixture of Avant-Garde with an incorporation of Gospel, which left him room for breakthroughs in his music. During the 1940s, when Mingus had made the most progress in his work he had wrote such works that were covered by Lionel Hampton, specifically the album Mingus Fingers.In that album Mingus had used the bass as a lead instrument. People during this time period found it strange that a bass took lead, since it was standard for the bass to keep time, but Mingus revolutionized it with his ability to improvise within his solos, which he learned from Ornette Coleman. An excellent example of this would be his soloing in the song â€Å"Goodbye Pork Pie Hat†. Lester Young had inspired Mingus to record this song since their sounds were so different from each other’s. Despite his success he still minimal reviews from his record company and was not making nough money to support himself. Towards the beginning of the early 50s Mingus had migrated east to New York City to pursue a career to help make him some money to live on. He became a postal worker delivering mail in 1949 and through this job he met what would be his long time drummer Max Roach. Mingus had scored his first concert since his move from L. A. In 1952 Roach scored a gig at Massey Hall in Toronto where many of the greats would be playing such as Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Bud Powell and Roach himself.This jumpstarted Mingus’s career again and segued him into bebop. Although Mingus viewed bebop as a very straight forward beat (from a bassists perspective) and didn’t like the thought of playing such a simple beat when asked to solo like most bassists of the time which was described as a â€Å"boom boom boom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 4 feel to it, this is where he developed the usage of playing with three fingers instead of the customary two3 which became part of his signature sound.Mingus’s masterwork, which is called â€Å"Epitaph†, would take two hours to perform with the 4000 measures that it covered over the course of time. This work of art was discovered while his music was being processed into CD’s at the time3. Even the New York Times had marked it as the most memorable of jazz pieces of all time5. His chart was also known as the best composition since the times of Duke Ellington making him again even more like his idol3.When the music had finally come to and end on January 5, 1979 when Mingus passed away he had left this world with many new sounds for us to appreciate and to learn from. His sound had changed as he aged and so did his style to adapt to the times. He had revolutionized an instrument at one point only thought to keep time and he added the idea of playing with more than two fingers paving the way for many new bass players to learn from. Mingus was in fact an extraordinary musician and had ever-changed jazz for the better.